Beta-Cyclodextrin is a member of the class of compounds known as oligosaccharides.

DL-5-Hydroxylysine is a racemic mixture of D- and L- enantiomers of 5-hydroxylysine which may be used as potential target markers for radical-induced protein oxidation.

Aminoisobutyric acid is a nonprotein amino acid (is an end product of pyrimidine metabolism) excreted in the urine of about 5% of healthy individuals and high excretion is an autosomal recessive phenotype.