Dynorphin A (1-8) is the predominant opioid peptide identified in placental tissue extracts. Dynorphin A (1-8) is the most likely natural ligand of the kappa receptor. The binding of 3H-Bremazocine to the purified kappa receptor is inhibited by Dynorphin A (1-8) (IC50=303 nM).

[Des-Arg30,Des-Pro31]-Dendroaspis Natriuretic Peptide

Kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside shows antioxidant activity.