Transportan is a 27 amino acid-long peptide containing 12 functional amino acids from the amino terminus of the neuropeptide galanin and mastoparan in the carboxyl terminus, connected via a lysine.

Rosmarinic acid has shown to contain antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.

Guanosine monophosphate also known as guanylic acid or 5'-GMP belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine ribonucleoside monophosphates. In particular L-Glutamic acid and guanosine monophosphate can be biosynthesized from xanthylic acid and L-glutamine; which is catalyzed by the enzyme GMP synthase.