Potassium trimethylsilanolate is a catalyst. Potassium trimethylsilanolate promotes the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by (TMSOK) proceeds through the boronate pathway.

Dimethyl DL-glutamate is a cell-permeant glutamic acid derivative that enhances insulin release in response to glucose in isolated islets and in animal models of diabetes.

Rubropunctamine is a red azaphilone pigment isolated from the extracts of Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mold rice). Rubropunctamine has anti-inflammation activities.