Sphingosine (d17:1) (C17 Sphingosine) is a 17-carbon sphingolipid found in human skin that can be phosphorylated by sphingomyelin kinase.Sphingosine C-17 can be used as an internal standard to perform spectroscopic analysis of sphingolipids.

Rhodamine 123 is a fluorescent dye (λex=503 nm, λem=527 nm). The intensity of R123 fluorescence has a peak at concentration of 50 μM, and decreases to zero at higher concentrations due to self-quenching.

2-Hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone enhances apoptosis of U937 cells,in part,through activation of p-p38MAPK and downregulation of p-ERK1/2; triggers caspase-3 activation mediated apoptotic induction.