Carlinoside could be a worthy choice to intervene hyperbilirubinemia due to liver dysfunction. Carlinoside upregulates Nrf2 gene expression, increases its nuclear translocation and stimulates UGT1A1 promoter activity.

Nesiritide is the recombinant form of the 32 amino acid human B-type natriuretic peptide, which is normally produced by the ventricular myocardium. It is an agonist of natriuretic peptide receptors (NPRs), with Kd values of 7.3 and 13 pM for NPR-A and NPR-C, respectively.

3-(β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-1,6-dihydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-anthracenedione, also known as an anthraquinone, has been specifically extracted from Rubia cordifolia.