Goodyeroside A is a glycoside compound derived from the plant Goodyera that exhibits significant hepatoprotective activity. It can inhibit liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in primary cultured rat hepatocytes.

NADPH tetrasodium salt is the reduced form of the electron acceptor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) and acts as an electron donor in various biological reactions.

Galanin (1-13)-spantide I is a chimeric peptide composed of the N-terminal fragment of galanin (amino acids 1-13) and spantide, a known substance P receptor antagonist. Galanin (1-13)-spantide I has a high affinity for spinal galanin receptor (Kd=1.16 nM). Galanin (1-13)-spantide I can be used to study the effects of galanin on feeding behavior.