Palmitoyl CoA lithium (Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium) is a major component of fatty acids involved in the carnitine shuttle system, beta-oxidation, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and can be used to study metabolic disorders in the body.

Succinyl phosphonate is a selective α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDHC?) and OGDHC inhibitor that inhibits α-ketoglutarate oxidative decarboxylation.

Phosphonoacetate also known as fosfonet or phosphonacetic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organic phosphonic acids.Within the cell phosphonoacetate is primarily located in the cytoplasm. Phosphonoacetate can be biosynthesized from phosphonic acid and acetic acid.