Phytolaccagenin, a triterpenoid saponin, is the active component of Radix Phtolaccae which are widely used in East Asian countries for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.

Substance P (7-11) is a C-terminal fragment of Substance P, which can cause an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration as measured by the fluorescent dye Fura-2. In addition, the C-terminal fragment of SP, SP-(7-11), increased PGE2 and collagenase production at concentrations greater than 1 mM.

α-Conotoxin SI is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) blocker derived from sea snails and cone snails. α-Conotoxin SI can be used to study neurological disorders.