L-Gulose is an unnatural monosaccharide. L-Gulose is the putative furanose form of L-sorbosone that exists as a syrup with a sweet taste. It is an L-hexose sugar and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of L-Ascorbate (vitamin C).

Anemarsaponin B has anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-treated RAW 264.7macrophages, the effect is associated with the inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity, possibly via the p38 MAP kinase pathway.

Nicodan is a water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues, which required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It possesses pellagra-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.