Halofuginone specifically inhibits collagen type I gene expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) gene expression, which may result in the suppression of angiogenesis, tumor stromal cell development, and tumor cell growth.

Taxifolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside is a flavonoid mainly found in endosperm and involved in defense against pathogens and UV damage.

(Arg)9 TFA (Nona-L-arginine TFA), a cell-penetrating peptide, exhibits neuroprotective activity with an IC50 of 0.78 μM in the glutamic acid model.Poly-arginine (e.g. (Arg)9) and arginine-rich peptides (e.g. TAT, penetratin), which belong to a class of peptides with cell-penetrating properties are neuroprotective.