Tetrahydrofolic acid (5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid) is a vitamin B9 derivative that is a common one-carbon donor in organisms and is involved in growth and metabolism.

Isoproterenol (Norisodrine) is a non-selective and orally active β-adrenoceptor agonist.Isoproterenol is a potent peripheral vasodilator and bronchodilator.

Guanosine 5'-triphosphate trisodium salt activates the signal transducing G proteins which are involved in various cellular processes including proliferation differentiation and activation of several intracellular kinase cascades.Proliferation and apoptosis are regulated in part by the hydrolysis of GTP by small GTPases Ras and Rho.