Lactic acid is an organic acid. It is a chiral molecule consisting of two optical isomers L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid with the L-isomer being the most common in living organisms. Lactic acid plays a role in several biochemical processes and is produced in the muscles during intense activity.

2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)acetic acid (2-(1-methylimidazol-4-yl)acetic acid) is a plasma histamine derivative that is a biomarker for identifying lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

2′-Deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate disodium, a nucleic acid AMP derivative, is a deoxyribonucleotide found in DNA. 2′-Deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate disodium can be used to study adenosine-based interactions during DNA synthesis and DNA damage.