DiZPK is an analog of pyrrolysine and acts as a photocrosslinker.

Endo-1,4-β-xylanase (Xylanase), a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that degrades arabinoxylan (AX), is commonly utilized in biochemical research. It specifically hydrolyzes the β-xylosidic bonds linking two d-xylopyranosyl residues in a β-(1,4) configuration .

alpha-Ketoglutarate is a key molecule in the TCA cycle. It can be produced from glutamate by oxidative deamination via glutamate dehydrogenase and as a product of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transamination reactions (mediated by branched-chain amino acid transaminases) in which glutamate is a common amino donor.