Xyloidone exhibits antifungal activity and completely inhibits the mycelial growth of B. cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Simmonds, M. grisea, and Pythium ultimum Trow over a range of 0.4-33.3 mg/L.

Polymyxin B nonapeptide, a cationic cyclic peptide derived by enzymatic processing from the naturally occurring peptide polymyxin B, is able to increase the permeability of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria toward hydrophobic antibiotics probably by binding to the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

LN-1-255 is a 6-alkylidene-2'-substituted penicillin sulfone that acts as an effective beta-lactamase inhibitor.