Neuromedin U-25 human is the active form of neuromedin U in human. Neuromedin U-25 human inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, which leads to early-onset obesity. Neuromedin U-25 serves as vasoconstrictor in human vascular beds.

Vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of artificial vanilla flavorings and is an end-stage metabolite of the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.

[Sar1, Ile8]-Angiotensin II(3TFA) is a peptide that has multiple effects on vascular smooth muscle.