[Pro9]-Substance P is a potent, reversible and selective agonist of NK-1 tachykinin receptors with an EC50 of 0.93 nM.

CP94253 hydrochloride is a potent, selective and centrally active agonist of 5-HT1B receptor with Ki of 2 nM. The Kis are 89, 49, 860, and 1600 nM for 5-HT1A, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1C and 5-HT2 receptors, respectively.

Hydroxyisocaproic acid is an end product of leucine metabolism in human tissues such as muscle and connective tissue. It belongs to 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid group of amino acid metabolites. Hydroxyisocaproic acid functions as an “anti-catabolite” and is widely used in the bodybuilding community.